🇳🇬 Outbreak Investigation of Acute Ascites
  • Overview
  • Case description
  • Exposures
Cases distribution in 🇳🇬 Sokoto
  • 📈 Cases per week and sex
  • 📈 Cases vs Controls per week
  • Age and Sex Distribution - Cases
  • Age and Sex Distribution - Controls
  • Digestive Symptoms by Sex - Cases
  • Digestive symptoms by Age - Cases
  • Digestive symptoms - Cases vs Controls
  • Demographics - Cases vs Controls
  • Reported Symptoms - Cases vs Controls
Variable

cases
N = 72

controls
N = 283

p-value 1
Age, n (%)

0.068
    7-27 days 0 (0%) 2 (0.8%)
    1-4 years 17 (24%) 28 (12%)
    5-9 years 33 (46%) 110 (46%)
    10-14 years 22 (31%) 97 (41%)
    Missing/Unknown 0 46
Sex, n (%)

0.5
    Male 42 (58%) 152 (64%)
    Female 30 (42%) 84 (35%)
    Unknown 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%)
    Missing/Unknown 0 46
1

Fisher’s exact test

Variable

cases
N = 72

controls
N = 283

p-value

1
Any problem of gastrointestinal tract, n (%) 45 (63%) 4 (1.4%) <0.001
Abdominal distention, n (%) 44 (61%) 4 (1.4%) <0.001
Abdominal pain, n (%) 42 (58%) 4 (1.4%) <0.001
Fever, n (%) 21 (29%) 7 (2.5%) <0.001
Vomiting, n (%) 23 (32%) 4 (1.4%) <0.001
Diarrhoea, n (%) 15 (21%) 4 (1.4%) <0.001
Loss of appetite, n (%) 19 (26%) 0 (0%) <0.001
Sweating or chills (day or night), n (%) 1 (1.4%) 5 (1.8%) >0.9
Any chest problem, n (%) 4 (5.6%) 2 (0.7%) 0.017
Wheeze, n (%) 3 (4.2%) 0 (0%) 0.008
Blood in stool, n (%) 2 (2.8%) 0 (0%) 0.041
Cough, n (%) 2 (2.8%) 0 (0%) 0.041
Breathlessness, n (%) 2 (2.8%) 0 (0%) 0.041
Pale stool, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
Excessive salivation, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
Any muscle or bone problem, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
Fatigue or malaise, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
Muscle pain or aching, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
...with sputum, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
Any ear, nose or throat problem, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
Pain in mouth, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
Runny nose, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
Swallowing problem, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
Difficult swallow, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2
Painful swallow, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2

Only exposures with non-zero prevalence are shown.

1

Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test

Antibiotics use

57%
  • Reported Symptoms
  • Medical conditions
  • Vaccination
Variable Prevalence Percentage Frequency
Any problem of gastrointestinal tract 45
62.5%
45 / 72
Abdominal distention 44
61.1%
44 / 72
Abdominal pain 42
58.3%
42 / 72
Vomiting 23
31.9%
23 / 72
Fever 21
29.2%
21 / 72
Loss of appetite 19
26.4%
19 / 72
Diarrhoea 15
20.8%
15 / 72
Any chest problem 4
5.6%
4 / 72
Wheeze 3
4.2%
3 / 72
Blood in stool 2
2.8%
2 / 72
Cough 2
2.8%
2 / 72
Breathlessness 2
2.8%
2 / 72
Sweating or chills (day or night) 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Pale stool 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Excessive salivation 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Any muscle or bone problem 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Fatigue or malaise 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Muscle pain or aching 1
1.4%
1 / 72
...with sputum 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Any ear, nose or throat problem 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Pain in mouth 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Runny nose 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Swallowing problem 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Difficult swallow 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Painful swallow 1
1.4%
1 / 72
...with blood 0
0%
0 / 72
Any neurological problems 0
0%
0 / 72
Altered level of consciousness 0
0%
0 / 72
Seizures 0
0%
0 / 72
Muscle cramps 0
0%
0 / 72
Sore throat 0
0%
0 / 72
Any eye problem 0
0%
0 / 72
Pain or redness in the eye 0
0%
0 / 72
Variable Prevalence Percentage Frequency
Tuberculosis (active) 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Congenital anomaly 0
0%
0 / 72
Chronic heart disease 0
0%
0 / 72
Chronic lung disease 0
0%
0 / 72
Chronic neurologic condition 0
0%
0 / 72
Chronic liver disease 0
0%
0 / 72
Chronic kidney disease 0
0%
0 / 72
Diabetes 0
0%
0 / 72
Hematological Disorders 0
0%
0 / 72
HIV 0
0%
0 / 72
Cancer 0
0%
0 / 72
Other immunosuppressive condition 0
0%
0 / 72
Variable Prevalence Percentage Frequency
Yellow fever 6
8.3%
6 / 72
IPV 5
6.9%
5 / 72
BCG 5
6.9%
5 / 72
Hepatitis A vaccine 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Hepatitis B vaccine 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Rotavirus 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Mumps and Rubella (MMR) 0
0%
0 / 72
  • Food exposures prior to hospital admission - Cases
  • Food exposures prior to hospital admission - Controls
  • Exposure to medication prior to hospital admission - Cases vs Controls
  • Other exposures prior to hospital admission - Cases vs Controls

Variable

cases
N = 72

controls
N = 283

p-value

1
Antibiotics, n (%) 39 (54%) 2 (0.7%) <0.001
Paracetamol/acetaminophen, n (%) 6 (8.3%) 2 (0.7%) 0.001
Other medications, n (%) 4 (5.6%) 0 (0%) 0.002
Cough Medicine, n (%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 0.2

Only exposures with non-zero prevalence are shown.

1

Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test

Variable

cases
N = 72

controls
N = 283

p-value

1
Access to a latrine or toilet, n (%) 69 (96%) 189 (67%) <0.001
Does the patient frequently handle or come in contact with soil or sand?, n (%) 47 (65%) 48 (17%) <0.001
Do you keep any animals as pets or domestic animals, n (%) 26 (36%) 43 (15%) <0.001
Any new illnesses or infections in household members or other close contacts prior to symptom onset, n (%) 13 (18%) 8 (2.8%) <0.001
Attendance to in-person school or day care prior to symptom onset, n (%) 9 (13%) 3 (1.1%) <0.001
Any contact with wild animals at the time of the illness, n (%) 8 (11%) 2 (0.7%) <0.001
Does anyone smoke cigarettes or tobacco inside any building where you work or spend other time?, n (%) 5 (6.9%) 4 (1.4%) 0.019
Any contact with stray animals, n (%) 5 (6.9%) 2 (0.7%) 0.005
Does anyone smoke cigarettes or tobacco inside the building where you sleep (do not include yourself)?, n (%) 2 (2.8%) 2 (0.7%) 0.2
Any outbreaks reported by school or day care prior to symptom onset, n (%) 3 (4.2%) 1 (0.4%) 0.028
Any animal bite/scracth prior to symptoms onset, n (%) 2 (2.8%) 0 (0%) 0.041

Only exposures with non-zero prevalence are shown.

1

Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test

  • Exposure to medication prior to hospital admission
  • Other exposures prior to hospital admission
Variable Prevalence Percentage Frequency
Antibiotics 39
54.2%
39 / 72
Paracetamol/acetaminophen 6
8.3%
6 / 72
Other medications 4
5.6%
4 / 72
Cough Medicine 1
1.4%
1 / 72
Allergy medicine 0
0%
0 / 72
Aspirin 0
0%
0 / 72
Ibuprofen 0
0%
0 / 72
Herbal medicine/naturopathic/homeopathic medicine 0
0%
0 / 72
Variable Prevalence Percentage Frequency
Access to a latrine or toilet 69
95.8%
69 / 72
Does the patient frequently handle or come in contact with soil or sand? 47
65.3%
47 / 72
Do you keep any animals as pets or domestic animals 26
36.1%
26 / 72
Any new illnesses or infections in household members or other close contacts prior to symptom onset 13
18.1%
13 / 72
Attendance to in-person school or day care prior to symptom onset 9
12.5%
9 / 72
Any contact with wild animals at the time of the illness 8
11.1%
8 / 72
Does anyone smoke cigarettes or tobacco inside any building where you work or spend other time? 5
6.9%
5 / 72
Any contact with stray animals 5
6.9%
5 / 72
Any outbreaks reported by school or day care prior to symptom onset 3
30%
3 / 10
Does anyone smoke cigarettes or tobacco inside the building where you sleep (do not include yourself)? 2
2.8%
2 / 72
Any animal bite/scracth prior to symptoms onset 2
2.8%
2 / 72
Any problem or exposure to different water prior to symptom onset 0
0%
0 / 72
Did the patient or household member start using any new personal care products (e.g. soaps, lotions) prior to symptom onset? 0
0%
0 / 72
Any national or overseas trip prior to symptom onset 0
0%
0 / 72
  • Antibiotics exposure
  • Pets/domestic animals exposure
  • Type of latrine or toilet


This dashboard displays statistics of reported cases of ascites in 🇳🇬 as of 2025-03-27

Total cases 72
Total controls 283
Female cases 42%
Persons with HIV 0
Below 5 yrs 24%

Disclaimer

Data are provided by many contributors through the the WHO Clinical data platform and are not necessarily representative. To become a contributor, please see the terms of use and register here.